Parámetros de rendimiento de fuerza mediante la adopción de diferentes secuencias de ejercicios durante series emparejadas agonista-antagonista

Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de distintas secuencias de ejercicios de series emparejadas de los músculos agonistas/antagonistas sobre el volumen del entrenamiento, la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo y la activación muscular. Material y método: Trece deportistas de recreación, hombres, fueron voluntariamente sometidos a este estudio. Se aplicaron 2 protocolos en 2 días no consecutivos. Protocolo BR: los participantes realizaron 3 series de ejercicios de press de banca (PB) hasta el agotamiento (con carga de 8 repeticiones máximas) seguidas del ejercicio de remo sentado (RS), alternadamente. Protocolo RB: el remo sentado se realizó antes del PB. Se adoptó un intervalo de recuperación de 2 min entre repeticiones y ejercicios. Durante los 2 ejercicios se anotaron el número de repeticiones y la señal electromiográfica de los músculos deltoides posterior (DP), del bíceps braquial (BB), del pectoral mayor (PM) y del tríceps braquial (TB). Resultado: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el volumen de entrenamiento (1.486,6 ± 200,3; 1.492 ± 282,5) y del trabajo total (22,3 ± 1,3; 22 ± 2) entre las secuencias BR y RB, para PB, respectivamente. Se observó un volumen de entrenamiento (1.709,7 ± 177,6; 1.424,4 ± 196) y del trabajo total (25,3 ± 1,8; 21 ± 1,6) superiores en el RS en la secuencia BR, comparado con RB. Conclusión: La secuencia del ejercicio mostró diferencias significativas en el rendimiento de fuerza y activación muscular de los agonistas durante las series emparejadas agonistaantagonista en el ejercicio de RS. Estos resultados indican que la precarga de los antagonistas puede generar un efecto potencial para favorecer el rendimiento de los músculos dorsales

Paràmetres de rendiment de força mitjançant l’adopció de diferents seqüències d’exercicis durant sèries emparellades agonista-antagonista

Objectiu. Investigar l'efecte de diferents seqüències d’exercicis de sèries emparellades de músculs agonistes/antagonistes sobre el volum de l'entrenament, la percepció subjectiva de l'esforç i l'activació muscular. Material i mètode. Tretze esportistes de lleure, homes, es van sotmetre voluntàriament a aquest estudi. Es van aplicar 2 protocols en 2 dies no consecutius. Protocol BR: els participants realitzaren 3 sèries d’exercicis de pressió sobre banc (PB) fins a l’esgotament (amb càrrega de 8 repeticions màximes), seguit de l’exercici de rem assegut (RA), alternadament. Protocol RB: el rem assegut es féu abans de PB. S’adoptà un interval de recuperació de 2 min entre les repeticions i exercicis. Durant els 2 exercicis s’anotaren el nombre de repeticions i el senyal electromiogràfic dels músculs deltoide posterior (DP), bíceps braquial (BB), pectoral major (PM) i tríceps braquial (TB). Resultats. No es trobaren diferències significatives en el volum de l'entrenament (1.486,6 ± 200,3; 1492 ± 282,5) i del treball total (22,3 ± 1,3; 22 ± 2) entre les seqüències BR i RB, per PB, respectivament. S’observà un volum d'entrenament (1.709,7 ± 177,6; 1.424,4 ± 196) i de treball total (25,3 ± 1,8; 21 ± 1,6) superiors a l’RA en la seqüència BR, comparada amb RB. Conclusió. La seqüència de l'exercici mostrà diferències significatives en rendiment de força i activació muscular dels agonistes durant les sèries emparellades agonista-antagonista en l'exercici de l’RA. Aquests resultats indiquen que la precàrrega dels antagonistes pot generar un efecte potencial per afavorir el rendiment dels músculs dorsals

Strength performance parameters when adopting different exercise sequences during agonist-antagonist paired sets

Objective: To investigate the effect of different exercise sequences during agonist-antagonist paired sets on training volume, ratings of perceived exertion, and muscle activation. Material and methods: Thirteen recreationally trained males participated in this study. Two protocols were adopted in two non-consecutive days. BS — participants performed three repetition to failure sets (with 8 repetition maximum loads) of bench-press (BP) followed by seated row exercise in alternate manner. SB — the seated row (SR) was performed before bench press. Two-minute rest interval was adopted between sets and exercises. The number of repetitions and electromyography signals of the posterior deltoids (PD), biceps brachii (BB), pectoralis major (PM), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles were recorded during both exercises. Results: No significant differences were noted in training volume (1486.6 ± 200.3; 1492 ± 282.5) and total work (22.3 ± 1.3; 22 ± 2) BS and SB sequences for BP, respectively. Higher training volume (1709.7 ± 177.6; 1424.4 ± 196) and total work (25.3 ± 1.8; 21 ± 1.6) were noted for SR under BS compared to SB. Higher PD activation was noted during SR under BS compared to SB. Conclusion: The exercise sequence showed significant differences in strength performance and agonist muscle activation during agonist-antagonist paired sets for SR exercise. These results suggest that antagonist pre-loading may have a potential effect on back muscles

SEXISMO NAS AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE PLURALIDADE CULTURAL E DIFERENCIAÇÃO DE GÊNEROS.

The physical education class develops specifically the teaching of physical culture of movement. The multidisciplinary is an essential factor in this process considering that different contexts: cultural, historical, social and geographic involving students and content featuring cultural plurality. This diversity is observed in the interaction among students during class where attitudes and stereotypes of society can come to reflect in the physical education classes, such as sexism related to the differentiation of genders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cultural plurality and sexism related to differentiation of genders in physical education classes of the 1st and 2nd segments of elementary school according to a statement of the teacher. We performed a descriptive exploratory research through field study. The sample consisted of 10 physical education teachers of both sexes working in classes from 1st to 9th grade of basic education in municipal schools of Rio de Janeiro. We conducted a personal interview with questions relating to the themes: cultural diversity, socialization, and sexism related to the differentiation of genders. For the treatment of data was performed discourse analysis considering the qualitative data studied. The results showed that most teachers use the national curriculum parameters as reference for selecting the content, organization and conflict resolution class, predominantly mixed classes. Moreover, it was observed that in physical education classes is still sexism cases related to performance and characteristics of individual learners. Soon, it was observed that the absences of specific theoretical and sociocultural reality are factors that may trigger conflicts over sexism. Therefore, it is suggested to make further studies to correlate with the above aspects to sexism to produce new evidence that allows the physical educator to work this issue in order to produce a significant change in student education.A aula de Educação Física escolar desenvolve especificamente o ensino da cultura corporal do movimento, sendo a multidisciplinaridade um fator essencial nesse processo, considerando que diferentes contextos culturais, históricos, sociais e geográficos que envolvem os alunos e os conteúdos caracterizando a pluralidade cultural. Essa diversidade é observada na interação entre os alunos durante as aulas, onde comportamentos e estereótipos sociais podem vir a refletir nas aulas de Educação Física, como por exemplo, o sexismo relacionado à diferenciação de gêneros. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se existe associação entre pluralidade cultural e sexismo relacionado à diferenciação de gêneros nas aulas de Educação Física dos 1° e 2° Segmentos do Ensino Fundamental segundo a afirmação do docente. Foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória descritiva através de estudo de campo. A amostra foi composta por 10 docentes de Educação Física de ambos os sexos que atuam em turmas do 1° ao 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental em escolas da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Foi realizada uma entrevista pessoal com questões referentes aos temas: pluralidade cultural, socialização e sexismo relacionado à diferenciação de gêneros. Para o tratamento dos dados foi realizada análise do discurso considerando os dados qualitativos estudados. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos docentes utiliza os parâmetros curriculares nacionais como referência para seleção dos conteúdos, resolução de conflitos e organização da turma, predominando as aulas mistas. Por outro lado, foi observado que nas aulas de Educação Física ainda ocorre casos de sexismo relacionados ao desempenho e características individuais dos alunos. Logo, observou-se que a ausência de fundamentação teórica especifica e a realidade sociocultural são fatores que podem vir a desencadear conflitos associados ao sexismo. Sendo Assim, é sugerida a realização de novos estudos que correlacionem os aspectos supracitados para com o sexismo a fim de produzir novas evidências que possibilite o profissional de Educação Física trabalhar esse tema de forma a produzir uma mudança significativa na formação do aluno

Hypotensive Responses of Reciprocal Supersets versus Traditional Resistance Training in Apparently Healthy Men

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(3): 434-445, 2017. The purpose of this study was to compare the hypotensive responses of reciprocal supersets (SS) versus traditional training (TRAD) methods. Thirteen men with at least five years of recreational experience in resistance training (RT) volunteered for the study. When completing the TRAD protocol, participants performed the following exercises separately in sequence: chest press (CP), low row (LR), leg extension (LE), leg curl (LC), pull down (PD), and shoulder press (SP). The SS method required participants to complete the same exercises as in the TRAD protocol, but exercises were coupled such that muscles sequentially served both as an agonist for lift one and then antagonist for lift two and vice versa. Exercise order used was CP and LR, LE and LC, and PD and SP with 10 repetition maximum loads. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before and for every 10 minutes for one hour after training. There was significantly more total work (TW) done in the TRAD condition compared to SS. Post exercise hypotension was evident only after the TRAD session at minutes 30 and 40 for systolic BP. Significant differences between the TRAD and SS methods were found at 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 40 minutes for systolic BP. There was no significant two-way interaction for group × time for diastolic BP. There was a significant two-way interaction for group × time for mean arterial pressure. Significant reductions for mean arterial pressure (MAP) occurred only in the TRAD method after 30 to 40 minutes compared to the baseline values. Therefore, a TRAD RT method was sufficient to cause a hypotensive effect after the training session whereas the SS method did not reveal significant decreases in BP after the session. However, these findings are important to elucidate concerns regarding the post-exercise hypotension after RT and showed that TW might be the key to promote these changes because the volume of training was shown to be an important training variable to manipulate and might be associated with BP hypotension after RT

Maximal repetition performance, rating of perceived exertion, and muscle fatigue during paired set training performed with different rest intervals

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine rest interval length between agonist–antagonist paired set training (PS) on maximal repetition performance, rating of perceived exertion, and neuromuscular fatigue.MethodsFourteen trained men (age, 24.2 ± 1.1 years; height, 175 ± 5.5 cm; body mass, 76.6 ± 7.0 kg) performed two experimental protocols in random order with 2 minutes (P2) or 4 minutes (P4) between agonist–antagonist PS, which consisted of a bench press set followed immediately by a seated row set with 8-repetition maximum loads, respectively. A total of three PS were performed for each rest interval protocol. The total repetitions performed and the rating of perceived exertion were recorded for each exercise set within each rest interval protocol. Electromyography signals were recorded for the posterior deltoid, biceps brachii, pectoralis major, and triceps brachii muscles during the SR exercise. The electromyography signals were then used to calculate a fatigue index for each rest interval protocol.ResultsNo significant differences were identified in the total repetitions completed between rest interval protocols for the bench press (P2 = 22.9 ± 1.3 and P4 = 22.6 ± 0.8) and seated row (P2 = 25.4 ± 1.7 and P4 = 25.1 ± 1.3). However, a significantly higher fatigue index was found for all muscles under the P2 versus the P4 protocol.ConclusionWhen performing agonist–antagonist PS, prescribing a shorter rest interval between PS may induce higher levels of fatigue, albeit with similar total repetitions versus a longer rest interval

INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES INTERVALOS DE RECUPERAÇÃO SOBRE O NÚMERO DE REPETIÇÕES MÁXIMAS NO TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA

O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a influência de diferentes intervalos de recuperação sobre o número de repetições máximas em dois exercícios do treinamento de força. Participaram do estudo 15 indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade de 25,44 ± 4,50 anos, estatura de 179,56 cm ± 44,02 cm, massa corporal de  81,10 ± 9,24 kg e índice de massa corporal (IMC) 25,75 kg/m² ± 2,33. Todos os avaliados realizaram cinco sessões de treinamento, sendo uma para aplicação do teste de carga para 10 repetições máximas (RM), uma para aplicação do reteste de 10 RM e mais três sessões, uma para cada intervalo (1, 3 e 5 minutos) proposto pela pesquisa, todas as sessões com intervalo de 48 horas. Definido como total de repetições completadas a última repetição máxima realizada até a falha concêntrica dentro da correta execução proposta. De acordo com os resultados houve diferença intragrupo em séries posteriores executadas nos exercícios supino reto articulado (SRA) e puxada aberta no pulley alto (PAP). Maior diferença encontrada entre os protocolos SEQA e SEQB no SRA (5,31 ± 0,83 RM e 7,84 ± 0,79 RM) e SEQD e SEQE na PAP (6,10 ± 0,61 RM e 8,11 ± 0,70 RM) e entre os protocolos SEQA e SEQC no SRA (5,33 ± 0,80 RM e 9,20 ± 0,80 RM) e SEQC e SEQF na PAP (6,10 ± 0,61 RM e 9,45 ± 0,63 RM), foi encontrado diferença entre os protocolos SEQC e SEQB no SRA, não houve diferença significativa no protocolo de intervalo entre SEQF e SEQE na PAP. Não houve diferenças nos demais protocolos em ambos os exercícios. O presente estudo apresentou diferença significativa no volume total de repetições em ambos os exercícios. Conclui-se que intervalos inferiores a 3 minutos são ineficientes para manutenção do numero de repetições com cargas máximas para 10 RM

The relationship between y balance performance and hip strength in recreationally trained women

This study set one´s sight on the relationship between lower quarter y balance test (YBT-LQ) score with hip isometric strength with recreationally resistance-trained women. Utilizing dynamic balance as a screening tool for lower extremity injury risk has been proposed as a potential solution in injury prevention and injury assessment. A convenience sample of twenty young college females (22.3 ± 2.1 years) with a background in regular strength or plyometric training volunteered to participate in this study. The scores of YBT-LQ for each direction were calculated. A hand-held dynamometer was used to measure the maximum voluntary isometric strength of each participant´s unilateral hip extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors, internal and external rotation muscles. Significant lower normalized score was noted for the dominant limb (81.2 ± 11.7) when compared to non-dominant limb (83.6 ± 12.4) for anterior distance. For the composite score of YBT-LQ, a weak association was noted for hip extension and internal rotation, and moderate association was observed for hip flexion, adduction, and abduction. On the other hand, a strong association was observed between hip external rotators strength (r =0.516). Thus, the main finding of the current study was the strong association observed between hip external rotators strength and composite score of YBT-LQ

Comparison of different flexibility training methods and specific warm-up on repetition maximum volume in lower limb exercises with female jazz dancers

Introduction: Some evidences show that stretching exercises prior to a strength training session can result in decrease of performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of different stretching protocols in the lower limbs using the sum of repetition maximum (RM) performed before a strength training session. Material and methods: The sample consisted of ten female jazz dancers (age: 24.7 ± 7.84 years), with no experience in strength training. Six visits were conducted in which participants were subjected to 10-RM test, 10-RM retest and four different warm-up protocols: specific warm-up, static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and ballistic stretching. Results: The results obtained in this study showed that in the squat exercise in the Smith machine, the ballistic stretching protocol had a significantly higher volume compared to all other protocols, while the PNF had a significantly higher volume in comparison with the specific warm-up protocol and static stretching protocol (p < 0.05). However, in the leg extension, there were no significant differences in the total volume of maximum repetitions between protocols. Conclusion: Ballistic stretching was the most effective protocol to increase the levels of muscle strength in female jazz dancers